???????ú???°±?±?±??±????25?ê?÷????????
??1978?ê?°???ü30?ê???????????ó????±±?í???????????ú????±??÷·??±???????????°?ì???±????????°ü???????????????ì???????·?????????????????????à???????ì?????????ú±??ì??????????±????????ì????????4??????????·????????????????ü???????????í?????ü???????????ù????????????·?????????????×??????????????°???·???±??????????×????·????·?×°??????????×°?ò??·???°×??????°??ó???°?????±?????¨??°????????ò?????°?????±?????????????????????????????????????ò·?????×??????????????¨???????ú?????ì????????×????????ù????·?????×????????ù??×?????????×????????ù??????×????ò???????ù??????????????????·?×????????????????????????????ù???????????????????????????????????ü?????ü???°????
?????????ê?????????????á·??ú???à????1978?ê??????±?×??ò?ü??°??ù????ì??????????????¤?ù?????ú???ú?????ú??????????????×????????????????÷???±??????????????°????±?????ú???????±????·?????
????1970?ê?ú???????????????ó????×?????????±í??·ì???ú??1980?ê?ú????±?????14???????????ú???????????????ú?????ì???ó??????±?????±???????????????25?ê???í?à????????????????????±?×???·??????ê??±??????·????????×???????·??ó?ú?????°???????¨???¨????×·??×????¨?·?????????±???÷???????ì???????ú???ò???????????ì??×??????±?÷??????×°?????°??????????????????×????????????????????¨?¨?ì??×??????????ì?????????????ò1/5???????ò???????°????????????????????°??????ì???????ì???????????????????°??????°ü?ü???à???????????ì?????????????????????????°???????§???????????ì?????ú??????פ×?????????????
??????×?25?ê?÷???·???????????????ù????????±??????????°???ù?±????
????
?????? 1978 ??
????
??????????°? ???°????10?ê???ê?á???????????á±????????????é???????????????°???¤×÷?±???è?????????????????é?é?????·???¨?????????????????á????±????????ü?????????????????ê??°??é???????°?×?????é?±????·???????????????×????????°?????í?·???°??°??±???????????ü??±???????????????
?????????????· ?????????????ò?ù°????????·????±????°???ú???????÷???°?ù????????·??ì??????????±±???????¨×????????ú±í×ù???á???????????????????????????????é?????ü?¨???????·????
?????????ú?ó?? ???ú?ó???????????ê?????ú???ú?????????????±?????ú???ó????????????????×??????????????????????????????á?????°?????±???°?ì?ì?±??
???????????°?????±×??±÷? ???ú???ù???????§ó???±¨?·1978?ê6??8???????????÷??????????????·???????±ê×???·?×°?????????????????ò°??????ê???????????????·?????????????????????????±???????í·???????·???(?????¤????????±?????×??ú?×?????÷·????°?ì)??±±??????×??¤????·????í·??ê??
??????×??????????? ???????????×???ó????????×???????????
??????·????? ???????ú???????±???·?????????ú??
???????????? ?÷??±í???????ú?°?????????±????????????????±??±?ì×??à???·??±í??
????
??????±??ê???? ?°???????ê?±???ì?±??
????
?????????·???????????????ú????±????§?????ê?ú???°?ó????°???????????????·??ó?ú?????ê???????????????÷·?????
???????í????°??????????ú??????25?ê??×??????°?????°?????????ú?ê?á?????????????????????????í??°??????¨??±??????????????????í??×????±?¨???¨?ê?????ó?????°??×°?ì·??±??????±í??????·????????????????????????°·?????????????×°??????·????°???à?????±?·???????ó??·??ú?????????????°?????????????????¤?±?????????????????????????????????????ü???°?¤????·??÷·?×??ú?×???ú??·????±??±í?????ü???????????????ì????????????°?????????????
?????ù??????????25?ê???????????????ú????°??????????????°???÷???±???????°???÷???±???¨?????°???????ê?±??????????°???????????????????????????????????°??????????á???????§?????????????????????á?????????????°???????±??
?????????è??°?????????????·????·?????????????????????ì?????¤?··????ó????????·?????×???????????°????±÷?????±????ò????????????±????????ó?è??????????????????×???????????×?????°???????????±í?é????×???????
????25?ê?ó??????????°?????????
????
?????? 1979 ??
????
???????????????????????? ??????????????3??·????????????¨??????
?????????????? ????????°é??×??????ú?????ó?????¨?????????????ú??????
?????????????ú??????°??? ??×·???·??????????×????????ó°????????ú?????????????ú??(?????ú?????ú±í)?ò???????????ó?????????°????×????????ù????×??????¤·?????×??¤??????±í?????????????????????????????ú???à?ê?????ú?????é????
?????????ú???§?·(Follow Me) ?????????????????§?????????±??
?????????è?? ???è???????????ì?????????????????à?ê??·×·×?????????è?ü??±§×????ú????×??·????×??è????25?ê???????ú?????é?????????±????????×???
?????????????ù?????????? ±±?????ú???ó????±????????????????ú?ü???è?·??????????????????????????????????????×??????????é?ó????????????????????°??????????ú?±×÷?????÷???????????à?ü??????????·?±±?????????????????????ú??????×?????????°??ù??????????
???????×???????ú???????????? ?????????????·?????÷??°??????????·????×??1977?ê???°?????????±??
?????à?????????? ???ó?????°?·×÷???±?±??????±??????????é????????????5????·??×?????????ú???°?????§?????????¨?·????????????????????·???????±à????????·????á?????é???°???á?÷?????ú???±?°×???????????±§???????????±???????????????????????ù??
?????á???????±×°?? ·¨?ú?±×°?è?????¤????¨?¤?×??12??·¨?ú??????±±????×??????????????????±×°±í????
????
??????±??ê???? ??????????
????
?????ú???×?????????í???????????????????±???????????????????à?????????????????ò?±??×???????1986?ê11???????????????°Z?±×?????×?±????????ú??0001?????ú?????ó???????????????????????????????????°?¤???????ì???????????ú?ú?§????????????1988?ê??±±???????????¨6000?à???ò??????·???????????126P?????????±??
????
?????? 1980 ??
????
????????°×?????í??????×? ????°????è?§?????????????±???±?????????è?¨???????í??°×?????í?????à?ê??×???·????????????????????????????ê?????????????±?????????ú?????????ò?????????????????°?????°???????ú???????????????±
???????÷·???×? ???ú????±¨?·1980?ê4??14??±¨???????????????à?????÷?°???????é??×?????×????°??????×??÷·??±???????????????????????ú??·????à??°??????÷?°??????×?????°×???á?é????????????????????????±??ù???????????????????ú???????°???????ü?????ú??????×????±
???????ó???????????·? ???°??×????·??????????????????7000?ò?????????????ê×??????????ó?÷?ó?×???????·???÷?????ó????????????????±?±???????????????????????????±???????????°????????????±???ó?????????°?ó?????±?????????????????ú·????·???????????à????????×??????ó???????????????????????????í????·??????ú????????·?????
???????????é??·¨?·?????ú×??????? ???é??±???????±???????????·????é?·?????????????÷?????§?????ú?????????????°°??é???é?????é?ê?±??
???????°????×??±???°?????????±??????±???????
????
??????±??ê???? ?????±?ú????
????
?????????ó???????ú?à?ê???????????ê???ú?????????????????????????????ó?????°?è???±???????????°?è?????±???°???è???±??
?????????????ù???????????é???????????????????????è?ú?????????????????????????é?????à???á?é?ò?????è?ù???????é??×??????°?????????±?????????????ó?????????¤??10?ê?÷?????????°?è?ú?????ó???ü±?·????°?????????±??
?????????¨???·???è????×??ú??????×÷???????·????×??ú???????ê???????¨???????ó????×????????????????????????÷?????????????????ú???????á???°??????????????×????¨???±?????????????ú?ò?á?????é?????????????????ó??1979?ê??×÷???????ê?·???ú?????????ú×????????????????·???????ú1990?·?????????ù×??·?????????ì???·?????÷?ì?á?ü???·???????ó???????×????150?à?×?????÷???è?ú??
????
?????? 1981 ??
????
???????????á?? ?±??22?ê?ó???????á???????????????ü?????ó???????????????????????????????ó????????
???????ì?????? ???ú?????????í?????????????¤?·????????°????×??20?ò???á?????ì?ú????????
?????????÷???? ??????1981?ê1??1?????????ú??×???????×????§?ê???÷????????°???????±¨????????????×??ù±????????????????°???±???°?à???±???°???????±?????????ú?????????????ê?±?????????á?????????????°?ú???ò???????????±?????ò???????°?????????????í?????????????????±??????±±??????·????????????????????ú????????????
????????????????????????????·??÷ ???????????????????·???????????÷????×?·?×é???????¤?????ò?÷???ú?í×??????????????????????÷·??ú??·?????÷?????????????????????
???????ê???·???§??·? ?????????·??????????5±é??????18±é????????×?????????°????§??????×???????????????×?????????????????
?????????????? ×??ú??????±±???????ú?????????á??????·???????±????×???ú???????·?·????
????
??????±??ê???? ?í??????????????????
????
???????????á???????????????ì?÷????????????????????°?????????????????????×??¨????????????????×?×?????????????°?????·??ò?????ü????±??????à???????????????é???????à??????????×??¨??????????????????×??ò?????????????×?ú?ò?á??????×???????????°?±???????????°??é?ù?ò??????????????????????????????????
?????????ú?????í????????1978?ê?????????ó???ó?§?ú?????????????????í?????°???????????°???????????????í??????????????????????????°????????ù?????± ??????1981?ê?????°???·???????????????·?????????????·??????????·??·?????????ú?ì???ê???°**?±?????????????÷·??????ó?????????????????à??????????(????·×·×?§·?????????·??¤?????±·?)???????????é???????????í?????????°???í???????????????????±???????°?ó???é???±??
????18?ê?ó?í???í?????????????é?·????????·??????????í???????????°?????±3?ú?à???ê????????×÷????
????
?????? 1982 ??
????
??????×?????????????°??? ???????·??????°??????????ú?????????????ú?ó???°??×????±???°??×??·?±???°??·ò???±???°?ó????°ü?±?????????????§×????§?ú?è?ú?????????ú?ó?????????÷°×?????????°?????§???±??
??????????°????°?¨×??? ??±??????????????ó???·?????????????¨×??×?·???¤???????????????ó???·??±ê??×????ú?????????????±?ú????±????????á??????????????????????30·????ó????1·?????????????
?????????????· ?????????????????ú?ú????????
?????????????? 15?ê?????á???ú?ù??????±ó???????????ó?§???í?????????ú???????????????¤???????????ú??????????×??????????à?????????ó?§·×·×??°ì???ê°à???????????°???ì?±????×?????
?????????é???? ??±???????°?????°????????????·±??é???????????ú???ú??°??·???????????????????ê????????°???±??é?????ù?à???é???é30?à????6????°??????????????é???ò?????ù?à???é?è???ò·??????????????÷??????130?à????
???????ü×°???? ???·?????????????????????????ü×°???????????ü??°ü???ê?á????
????
??????±??ê???? ???????????÷?????ú
????
???????ù?ì????±??????ü??????????????????????×??????á????7??±??ü????????6?????????????????·???????×??????????×???????????±??????????á???????????ó??????
??????????????25?ê?????????ó???????÷????????×???????????????????????????14?????????ü??°ü?¨3??°????á???ü??????????8???????á???ü???????ú??°????á?????±???±?á??????????????????1999?ê6????????????????????¤??±???±?????±?????25??????±??ú?????????????á???????°±?????×????????±?±??
????
?????? 1983 ??
????
??????????·??? ?????????????ú??·????????????????????????á?????°???????????????????ú????????????????????×??????¤?????????ò???¤×÷??×????????±?×???????????à???????±????????°????ê?è??????
?????????????? ???ú????????±¨?·1983?ê11??29??±¨?????ü?ê???ó?????á?????????°?????????±????????±í?????????????°???·??×·?ó?°?ê?????·???±?????????ò?????????????????à???ò?ó???????????????ú??????·??¨??????
??????°????ú±à???ì??·??????????????è???????????????????????í?ê?????é???????°?ì???±???°?????±???°??°??±???°?????±???à?????¤?????é???????????é?ê???°???????±???????????÷·??°???ú???±???±?°?ì????×÷???÷?????????????????????????è??
?????????à?ê×·?ó???à?ú??·??????????????à???????é?????????????????? ???????????ó?§?ú????????°??ú???????????????°??
???????????ò?????· ??????×??????°?÷???????±??·??ò???°?????ù?¨?±?????±?±?????ú???????????????±?ú???????÷???°??×??·?±??
???????????· ??????????????·????????????????????×?·???????ê???????ú?????????°???????????ó???¤?°?±×???·????÷?????ê?á??????
????????????±????? 1????????????ר?????ó???????÷?????????????????ú?×??±???????
???????????? ×???????????????????±???CJ70??1994?ê??×????????±???ó?÷??????
?????à??·? ??±é????????????????×?????·???
????
??????±??ê???? ?????????í?á·???
????
????×????????ó???????????í?????????????°?????????ì?÷?????????????í?á?????????????±?±?????????°???????é?????????÷????????????·????ê?ú?????¨?í?á?????ì?????à?±?ó???°?ì?????°????×?×?×??°?????±???????????????????·??7?×?è?ú????×????é???????????ì?ò????°??ê??
??????????·????°???????????ü???????ù?????ù???????ù??????4???±?????°???ù??????????????±±??????86???????????????????????±·?????????±????÷??????·??÷????×?±????????????±?±?à????????????°×?????ú?????????????°?ì?í?á?§?????????í?á?????????ó?ê??±??????????????°?ó???±?????±???ì???????????????ó?ì?ó×???
????
?????? 1984 ??
????
???????????? ??±????????????·1984?ê11??2??±¨???????ù×???????×???±?????????????????°????ú??????????????????????????????????????°????????????ú?è???????????????÷?··??????????????????ü?????°?????±???°?????±???????ú??????×÷??
???????????????ú???· ?±?ê?????í?á???????????è?????÷???ì±é??±±????±????????????????????ú???·???????ú?è?????????ú?????á?????è?ú??
??????????·??ê ???ú???ù???????§ó???±¨?·1984?ê6??6??±¨??????????±±?????????¤??·??ê????×ù??????????20???????¨?±?ê????????????±±??·??ê???§?????????????????§?????????ü?????????§???·?????ó???÷???¤??·??ê????????????±?·??§?ú??·??????ó?÷?????÷·??????÷???±????????????????????·????ó????±????°?ü?·????????×??????°??????±????????°?????????????°?????????????ú?????±
?????????????????????????ù ??????????10?ù????????????±±???í±¨?·?????????????????????????????????????ù???ü????171??±¨???????ó?à?????????à?ê??????±¨?????????????????????ó??????????×???
???????÷???ì?? ?????ú????1984?ê2??19?????????ú?????????÷???ì???ê?????°?????ì???ü?±?????????????????????????·???ü????????±¤°ü???????????????·?????¨???·???¨????±ù?????í????±?±???·?·???
???????????÷???ì??×? ???ì???????·????°????????????ì??×???·?????
???????????ü ±?±??????????à??????????????·??????¨????????????°?????
????
??????±??ê???? ???????°?????±°?
????
?????????ú?????ó????3?????????????±??·?±?·??ú??1984?ê??1987?ê??1993?ê??1984?ê?????????à?????????????????ú?????ó?ò?¤?????????±???·??????°ü?¨??·?????????×÷???°???±?????????????????????????§???????????????ò?????????×???°?????×???±????????×?????????×????ú?????????±?±???á?????????ó???????ê?ú×??????????°?????ò??????????×??????ú???????§?????????? ×??ó???????§???????ú?????????°???ó?????????ê?·???±???°???????????????è???°???±?????±?±???á??????????????????1984?ê???????±???????????????¨??×???±??ú?????????????±?±???°?ó???±??°???????±ê×????????????????????????¤???×????
????
?????? 1985 ??
????
???????÷·??÷???????×???????ú???? ???ú?°?????±??????±±?????????????????????±??±±???????±??5?é?????à?±?????¨???ú??°?????°????¤×????????±????25??/????
???????????? ??????1985?ê2??17???????????ú?????°???????ó?÷???????????????????°???????±????????×????????§???????????¨?????????ú????°×???????????±?????????ú???????????°???????±??±±?????????????????????ú?????????????ú???°??4000?ò?¨?????ú????10?ê?°????20?ò?¨??
??????????·ò?ò??·¨?? ?¤??????±?????×??ú?×???é????????????·ò?ò??±????ò±???????????????±??ü??????
?????????ú?????ù?×??????·¨?úT???¨ ??·¨?ú·?????±¨?·1985?ê7??27??±¨???????ú?????ù??°??è???¤????¨?¤×÷±í???????????ú?????ù??????±????í???ú??5??????8?????ú??????????25?????????????¤?????????¤?????ó?ó???ù???????¤????¨?¤?????ú??°ì????4???±×°±í????1.5?ò?????é?????????????????????±×°?è????1985??1986?ê????×????ù?·?????????????????????????í???ó????·????????????????????÷?????¨????????????·?????
???????????????· ???ó·??÷?????????????·?????????????§?ú??????è???????±???????????×÷?·????????????????????°??????ì???÷?????÷?????????????±???í?????·?÷???±???÷×°??????°×?§?í?á??±????????·??????????????
?????????????°???§???± ??·????????????????á?·?????×???????????§?·??°????°???????±???°????????×??±??±????°?é?????±????×??°?é???±??·¨???????°?????±??±????°???ú???±?????ó??±????°×?°??±????·????????°???é?ù?à?????±??????±???×??°?????ù?±??±±????????????×÷???????à±????????·?·??????1000?×????????19610×???
????
??????±??ê???? ??????????°????????·
????
????????????±????ü?????°???????§?±?÷?????±????????????????????°????????·??????×??????????????ü???????????????????????????????ò?????????ü???í?????ò×÷·?????±??????????????????????ó????±???????×???°??????±??·ò???????????±????8?ê???ó?????????ó°???·????????·??????°????????·?????????????????à°???·???????????±?????????????????????????????°????????·?????ó???è?????ú??×?°????¨?é???é???????????±?±????????????????·??ì???·???????????·???÷·??????????÷??????????1993?ê????°?????·????·????????????????°????±×÷?????????????ú?ü?????????ó???é???????è?????????ù?????§?×???????????í???????§?é?????????????????????ü??????????×÷?·??????????????????????×????é?é???????????????????é?????÷??????
????
?????? 1986 ??
????
???????ü???? ???ì???????????±?ú????3??????±±????????????????
???????é???ù?? ?°????(??)???????±?é?????ù?????°???±?????????????°??(??)?±??????????±??????????ú?????????ó±??????????°???±??????????????????·?×??????í??°á????×???
?????é???ù?ù?????°???à???????±???????????à???????????????á?é????4?ó????×?????????±í??·?????·ì???ú???????á?é???ó?°???????ú???±???????ú???????ú???????ù????±ù????
?????á?é?????ù???ú??3500??????±???????·??°?????????????ò????????????????×???????????????????????±??°???????é?±??·??ú??
??????±??????????ú ?·?ü??????±???(???ú)??????????????
??????±??ù?á ?????ì???ú????±??ü????????????±??ù?á???????¨?????????????????¨????±?·???
??????????????×??ò ???·±??????ê?ò??????????·???×??ò???????é???????§????×??ò????×????à??
????
??????±??ê???? ?????????ú????á???
????
?????????ì???·??±????°?÷±±·??±?????????×??×÷?????°???ú???±?±?????????????????????????¨?????ó??????????????????×÷?????ó???è???°·????è?ú?±?????????????±????????×????ü×°???ì×??????????????????????????????¤???°???????ú???????ù????×????????????????????????????¤?é??×·?ó?????·???????°???????????????é?ì???·???ì???????????????±?±???????????§???ò?????????????????????????????ù???±?????????????????·??????????
???????????ù????????????×????????????°??????×??????????????ù???????±???????????????÷??°??????????????????????ì?ì??±???±???????×???????????×??????????±?????????è???????¨???à???????÷??????°??é????????????????·??????????????????????????????????÷?????????á?????????ù????
???????????ù???·±ê??×??????±?ú???????????????ó???è??·????????é??·??????à???????????????±÷????°??????????????×??÷?????é???????¨????
????
?????? 1987 ??
????
??????°?×????????? ??????1987?ê8??31????????·??ê·????±?????????±???????????¤×÷???±????°?×????????????????ó?????ú???????????????????°???·??°?×?????????·??ê·????±×????á???¤×÷???ò?¨???ú??·??????????????°????????°?×???????°ì???±??????????????±??????ú????????
???????ù?¨?è ???ú???°???ù?¨?è?·?????ó???°???????±???????í?????????±?±×??á???è?????????????ó???????è???????????????????????¨???ê?á????±??¨?·??
?????????± ???????±·?????1994?ê????·????????????±??????2000?ê??×??ü????????·??????????±?ú???????????????????±×???????500?ò?ó?±??
???????????ù 11??12???????ù±±???°???è?????????ú???????????ü??
?????????·?ü ???????ò??????????
????
??????±??ê???? ·??è?????????ú×·??×?
????
?????ì???ù????????±?·????è×??????ì?????ó????????????°??÷?????ó???????????????????÷?÷???????ú×·??×??????????±??15?ê?ó????????????????????·??è???????????????????????÷?????°??????????????????????????????????????????·??è????????×????ù???????¨???????????????????ú?????±?????????ó??·??è×?????????·?×?????????????????????????×????????????????ì°??ò???????ò?ú????????????·??????±????????7?ò?à?????±???°???ú?á????????????·??è???????°???????·?±????????????±????ü????????????
????
?????? 1988 ??
????
?????????ì?????· ??????????38?ì°????ú?????°???????±??×÷?·??±ê??×????ú???°?????????????±?????ù??????5?ú??????????????
???????°??????±??????????????ù???????????°??????×÷???????¤???± ???????à???·??????????·¨???????????·????????
?????????????° ??±±???????ú????????°ì???°?????????????ó???±?????????à??22?ò???????ê???????ó?????°???????è???ú???·??????????·ù???????°????????????·ù±í????????????×????é??????·??ü???±?????????????ó??±??????é??×÷?·??
???????????è?· ?????????è????±??????????°???±???ü????????????????·?×??????÷?????????è?·???è????×÷????????????
?????????ù???? ???°?????????·?????????ê×°???°???????±???÷??±??????×???°???ù?????±??
?????????????à ?????ú?÷±±·??????????·?????????ê?????à??·?????????????×???×??·???????????????ì?¨?????????è???°?ó???±?????????ó10?ê???????????????ú???ù??×???/×??????????è???±????
?????????????????°?????? 1??5????±±??????,???±???????·????°???
?????à±??à ±??à??×????á????·??????ú?·???????ü??????????×??????¤×÷????????
?????á???????? °??????????°?ò???§?±?????????????????ù????????172????±±??????????89???????ú??????????8600??????±¨????????×?6000????
????
??????±??ê???? ???·?ê
????
???????·??4??×÷?·???????ê±????±°á???????????§???????°??????????????????????1988?ê???°???·?ê?±??
????????????°?????±±???°±??????????ì???????????ó?ú???????????÷??????????·?????????·????è?????°?????°???????÷????·???????±????????????????????ú???§???à??????????°????????????ì???°?????÷?????????±???°??°????????±???°?§?ò±?°????±???±???°?????????????±??????????????·????????????????????é???????????????·??????°?????????°????????·?????????×???·???????????????÷?·?????????????????·??????±??????à???·???ó???????????????·?·?????????ù?????????·?????·?ì?????÷??????????·??????°?ì?????ú?????°????×???±í??·??????ü??????????????±?????????????????????
???????·?????????????ú??????????±±?????????????ù???????·???°?÷?÷????·????????ó±í??????????·??????????¨???????í???ú????????×·?ó????????????????????????????????????????????±?????·????????÷??????????·????×??·????ú???????±
????
?????? 1989 ??
????
???????????°???? ?×?ì?°?????·?±?????ó?ü??????
?????????¨?÷???????ê ?ó?ú?¨???è??????????????????????×????????????????????¨?è?ú?????????±??????????°????????????????ê?ú???§°??????????????ì??×????·??÷????·??·??????¨?è??·??????±??
????????·????? ?????????è???±???????????????°???????±??????????·????????????????±???????°??·??±?????ó????±??????÷??·??ò±ê???????¨????????×±??????×±??????????????????
?????????????? ???±?ê?á?????????ó????±???????±???????????
???????????? ×??±÷??????????????í·????ó?÷??
????
??????±??ê???? ????·?
????
??????±????????±???·1989?ê2??24??±¨?????°????·??±???á?¨???ú?????????§????°??????????ú???????????????????????ú?·?????°???????±3??×????????????ù????????????????×??°?????ù???±?ò?°?????????±??×??ù???????ê???è?????¨????????×?±ê???°?ù?????·?±×??ù???è?????????????????????????ü????±±??±±?????°?????????ü?????ü??×??°????·????±?????????÷·??°????×?????·?????×°??????????????·????????ì???????????????ú?????°?????±??????????×????ú??????·??????????ú???????????????????÷???????ò???ú????×?±?????????????????2003?ê??????????????????????????????
????
?????? 1990 ??
????
???????ó?±??
???????°?????????????????????????????????± ???§???·???é??????±????????°??????????
?????????????ú?ú?????? ???????·?????à?±?ú×??ó??????·?????
???????°???ú?±???? ????·??ó???????ê??°??????????????????????ú?????ú???????÷??????????3???????·???????àíù??
????????×??á ??????????????????
????
??????±??ê???? ?????±?ú?????á
????
???????ú??????????????±?????·??????ú??5??21?????????????????ê?á???±?·??°???????5??????????????15?ò?á????±??ê???ó???ú?é??????????×?????°??????ê?á??·??·?????ê?á?????÷?·?????ê?á???ì?÷?·?????????ú???ê??°???????°???9???????ú???????????·????°??????????ê?????°???ú???ê?±??
?????ó?§??????°ì???ú?????è?ü??????±???×??¨?????????????ù????????±??????§?±??
??????????×????ó?????????????????ú???????è????·??????????????ì???????????????????????è???????????§°??ê?????÷?????í????????????·??????????ü??°×??±í???????????????ê?ó?????ú???????????????°??1993?ê?????·???é·¨????????????????2001?ê???????§?§°???
????
?????? 1991 ??
????
???????????? ???????????????????±?±×????°???????÷????
???????¨??OK ????×??é×??????????????à?????????×????
????????????°??é?é?? 1980?ê?ú???????ú?é?°???é???????????????????????°°??ó???±???°???????±??
???????????ú ????BP?ú????????×????????????????????ú???????ê?á?????????ü???????é?°??
????
??????±??ê???? ????????
????
?????°·??????ì??°×???????é??????±??§?±??14???????????????????????????????¨??°??ó?????????????????????é?ê???????????????????????°??????????·????????????????±???????????ú?ú?????ú?ì???????ó?????????????????????????°???é???ú?????????????????????± °??¨????°??ú???????°?é???ú???????????±
???????????????é???????ú??1924?ê??????????????????????????????·??????ú?á???????ó??1955?ê????·?±í?????????????é???÷?????·?????°???ú??????×?????????·??ü?·???????????ó?????????????????·±??????°?ì?é?±???ì?¨?????????????????????ú×????????????±?ê????????34?ê??1960?ê?ú??????×÷??????°??????·???????????·??×÷?·??1972?ê????·?±??????????°?????±??×?????????????·????ì?????????ù·???
????????????·??????????á???????é???÷?????·???????????????ì?????ú?????ú?°?????????÷????????(????°ì?????÷±¨?????·??????????????·??é??????)???é???????????ó?????±·??????????????¨?×?±°×??????·???????????·ü???????é????????×??ó????°??ú???????????????????·??????????????????????
?????°??????×???????????20??????21???????????????????????????????????????????????????±??????????×????????????ú??
????
?????? 1992 ??
????
?????????? ???????????????????????÷????????·è?··????????ú??·è????
?????? ?°???????¨°×?¨????×????ó?????????¨?± ????????????×??÷?????????°??
???????????????°·? ????×??????·?????????????????????·?????????°?è?ú·????????????????????????ò?ì?????????ú?è?????????±????
???????ú???????±???·?????????? ?·?×????????????ר???ê??±±??????·??ê??????°??ü?á?????????????ù??CD?ú????ר???ú?????????·?????ú????????????
???????ó?? 6?????ù?á??XO?????ò?????ú??????
?????? ?°??????·¨?± 8??31???×???????????ò?????·????????(?????÷??)???????°?????????ò???????????·ì???
???????????? ?ó?ê??????5???á°é?°?ù????±???±ù?????ê?á???????????????????°?????ê?±????????????±????°???????¨°??ê?÷????
?????à·?±??? ?¨???????????ú????????·?±????????????????·????????±?±???
?????á×??ò???????? ???????ó???·???????????????????ú?ú?ú×??ò?÷????·???????????á?????
?????? ?????????°?? ?¤?????°??????98???°????45???è????????
????
??????±??ê???? ?ó°??????ú??????
????
???????·?°?????±??????×??ó???¨?×?é?????ì??????±à???????????ú?ú?????á??????±à???????????·????????±????ê?á?????????????????ó°??????ú?????ú??????????????
?????ú???·????·????????????¤??????????????????·???????????·????????ò???÷???ì?????????????????ê?????????????§?°???÷???§?????????ì???????ê?ó??????????×ó????????120??????°??????·???ü???ú?????????é?°????(???????????????ù?????ù)???????ú?ú?é?°?á??????????????????·???
????
?????? 1993 ??
????
??????????·???????????±¨?? 1??8?????????·?????????·??????
??????????±??±?????? 8?????±???·??????????
?????????ú????????????????×??? ???ú????????????±±???????????·???????ù??????????????????°??????÷???????÷?????§????°?????
??????×??ó?????????????????§?? ±±??????·??????§????????
?????????????°?÷?????? 7????°??ó????????????????±±????°ì?????????????°??????±?·??????ú??????????×??????????????°×÷?·??±????ü???????·(?í??????)????±???°?????????×÷????°??÷???????????????·??????·??????????????ó????????×????°?????±?????÷????????
??????±??????????? ?°?????±????????×???±é?????????°??????????·??????ú???????°±??????????????±
????
??????±??ê???? ??·????··???????
????
????????????????????°??°???????ú×??ó??????????6??????·????·??°???±??????°?±?ú?????????·?·?±??????????48?ò?á???????÷????°?·???????100?ò?á??????°??ê?ó???ü±??ú????????°??????????°???é?±???ú???ù?¨??×?????
???????ù???????è??????????????°×?????·??????????????????????????????·????·??×??????°?????±??????×???????????????????????3?????????????·???????????ù???ù?à??×?????·??ú???????????÷?????ò??×????°?????±????×÷?·????????°??°???????????????ú?????????????í?????????????¨?????????????????????÷???°?????±???????·???ú??·????????????±±í???????????÷·?????????????áò?????±
??????????×??????????÷????????????·????·???°·??±???÷?????°??·??±???????????§?????á????????·????·±í?????°????×÷???????????×?±???????ó????·????·???????????????á?????????????????????????????????±?±?????à?ó???°?????±?????????ü??????±??á?°??
????
?????? 1994 ??
????
??????????°????· ?ù?????·??????°????????·?????????????·????????????±à????????????????±??ê??×???×??????°???÷????
?????????????????ó?? 11??12???????ü?ì???·?×?????÷???????????????
?????????ù?? ???¨???ú??????GSM???????°??2003?ê???ü?·???????????????????ú×??ó?????ú??????????
??????±??í ??±±???è?????????ú±í?????ú???°??±?????×?±??í?±???????ó??????????????
?????????? ??????????±??÷????·??±???¨??????????????????1970?ê?ú?ó???ú??????·?????????????????????°?????HIP??HOP?????????ú?¨???ú?????·?í???????????????è×??·?????ú?÷?¨?·???????????????·?????à???????·?????÷???¨?°?·???¨?¨?????????é?é?·????°??é°×?¤?é?·??????????????×??????????????÷??????×?????×????·??????·?????HOW?·??????????×??á??????????????????·è??????°?????·¨×???°???è??????????à?????????????????????÷·??±????????????????
????
??????±??ê???? ???????ü
????
????3??26?????í???÷????????°??????????ú???????????????????ê?????????????????í????·?????????????????±????ú??×??????????????ù?????????¨???????????ó?????????ó????????????
??????????????·????????????????????ú?ú?????ó?????÷???????ú???????·?ü?????????à?±???????§???????????ú???ò????????±??????????±??×ì????×???×?????·???????????×??ó???????¨??????????±??÷??????°????·???±·????????????????÷?????????????????ó?±??·??ú???????ù??°????????°?????·????·???×??????ü???????ó???·???????????é??????????????
??????????????±é?????¨???ú?????ì???????????????à???????????????×???????à???????±???????????????????????á?????????????????ú???÷??·ò?????????ó????????
????
?????? 1995 ??
????
??????????±????? ???????·???????????????????????????????????????ó???????ú???????????????±??±???????????
????????°??ó?????????? ????·??????°???ú????????±±???à?걨?·???????????°?ó???±???????ê??°?????????????÷?????????????????·?????·???????????°????????·????×????????ú?????ì·????·???×???????ò???????????????????ê????
????????????????????×??· ????????????°??????????????ê???? ???°?????????ì?¨?????????????°????????
???????°?§??·????± ×??÷????×?????1998?ê???°?í???????±???ú??
????
??????±??ê???? ???ó?°?÷???·
????
????±??ê???????°?ó?°?±?????????????????????????????à???ù??????×????????ó?????ì?????°?????¤?????????????°?????·?±·?????????????±????????????????????????????¤???·???????????????????????????????????×????×÷?????????????÷???????????ù×?×????§°??ò?ê?á????????
???????±?ú???ú??????3????????±?×??????°???±??????????(????)???·??(???·)??????(??????)???????????ó?°?÷???·?????????????°???±?????ü·?????????????????±????·?????ó?????×?·????????????????????±?1970?ê?ú??1980?ê?ú???ú?????¤?????ó????????????????????????????±é?????????????????????ê?á???°?ú??????????????°×???¨?é?????°I·???YOU?±?ò???°???è?ó?????±??·????±??????????
????
?????? 1996 ??
????
????????°? 5????????????°?????????????????????????????????·??????ì±?°?×·?±?÷???ê?á?????????????????¤?¨??????????°???????????×????§????°??????·????°?±??????????±??·??ú??
?????????ü?????? 8???????????á????????????×???????????°ì?????????§?????ó???????±?????????????ú????????×·????
???????????????¨?¨°??? ??±????÷?????????????????×?à???????·?ü?????ó?ú??????????????°??????ó?·?????????ú±±?????????????????ì?????????????????????ó??????????°ü?????ù????????????
?????????ú???????ú?? ?????????ú???????????ú????°?×???????????????????????×????????ú?????????????·?????????é???????ú?????ú??
?????????????°???±?? ???ú????????????????????????????????????????????????????×?????·?????
????
??????±??ê???? ???÷????
????
?????????±?÷???è???????°???????????ú????????????????·?????
????9????SM????°ü×°??????H.O.T×é??????5?????ì??°×?????ú???è??±?????????????????????????×???±í???è?ú?°ì??????è?¨?§??????????????????·??????í???????????°???ú??????18?ê?????????ê???????????????§±????ú?????????????????ú??????2000?ê2??1????H.O.T??????±±???????????á???????????????±?ê?·??×·?????·????H.O.T??×??????ì??·??ó???????°???°???±???÷×??????????×?????ú??????×??ú?·??????????±??ù?à??·??????ú×??ó?????ú?÷????????????Do??re??mi????1?ò???á?±??????????????3000????????????????×????ú?????ó????????°??????????????????????????ú?÷???????ú???ù?????????ì???????÷???????????????????ó???·?°???°?ù?????·?±????????????????×???LG?????ú???????ó?è??·??????ú???ú??????????????
????
?????? 1997 ??
????
??????MBA(?¤?????í?§????)???????? ???????????ú???????ó??×·???????ú??????MBA?????±?????é?ê?°???÷??MBA?é????
?????????????????? ???????±?ú?????????·???????é????°??×????
???????ó?????????ú?? 1??1????±±???ú?????÷???????????????????????????????????????ú????????±?????????±??????à???????ú?·??
?????? ?°·????±?????????± 6??1??????????????????·???????±??????¨?????±?????ü???????à?ú???????????????ú???÷???°·????±×?????????
????????????°??????? ????±??????????è??????ר?????????ê???ó????????????×??????ù?????????????ê?á???????ü???ó?à?????÷?????????¤??????
??????????°×?ì??±ê×?×?×° ????°×?ì??°???????????????
????
??????±??ê???? ???????é
????
????7??1?????????????????????ú?????????????????é?????ú???ó???÷?????????????????????±?ú??×÷??????×????????é???ì?????????ó?ú???÷???????ü×???????????·????????????ó???????????°??????????±????ü?????????????????????±???÷???????ü?????????????????????é???????·×???????°??????????????????é??????
???????é?°?????????÷?????????????????????ó????????????
????
?????? 1998 ??
????
?????????à×?·????????ì ?í???????ê???????????????????????é?????·?????????????ê?ó???????????????¨?????????÷?????à×???°????????±???????????ú????×????????????÷??????????·????á???°???à×????±???ó±????????ò???????????????ê?ù????
?????????ê??????????????·???????°×?? ???ê????????????°×?????????ê??????????????×??????ò???ü?????°???ê??????????????????????°×???±??????????????·ê?ê???????????????????·ì???
??????·??????°??°??°?? ?????????????ê????·??????????????×·???·??·?????????ú?????????ú?ú???ó???????????°??
?????????????á?????·×?×??ú??1.04??
??????3?ó???????????§?ò???? 3?????ú???ú?ú???ó?°?ì???????????????ê???ú??????????×÷?????ò×??ó???????·??????????2003?ê?????ò×??á???§????1600?ò?????????????????????????±?¨??OICQ???°????????3900?à?ò??×??á?????????????§?ó??1500?ò?????í?à???????ù?¨??OICQ??????12???????¨??·?????????????×??ó?????????????¨×????????????ò×??ó???????§??????????????3?ó?????????????????????§?ò??????
????
??????±??ê???? ?°?°???±???ó·???
????
????Viagra?????ú?????????±???ò?????????ú???????????????????????ú????4.09??????????????????????3?????ú???§?????????·????????????????????????????????????????ò???÷??Viagra?????ú?í????1998?ê??±??????§?±??
????Viagra?÷????????·??????§???????¨???????ü?°???????±???????????????????ü?°?°???±?????????°?°???±?ó????×???????ê????????????ú???????ú?????????ü?????????????°?°???±??·??????ò???á?§???°?ù???????????ú????77?ê???????ó??????1000??????±????????à?ê?????°???§?±???ü???¨?????????????????????????????????????????????°???????±??????·??????ú????????????????????60?ê°??°??×????°?°???±???¨???????????????§??????????????????×?·???Viagra???????????????°?????????°?°???±??±ê???ù????·??à????????1999?ê???ò??·??ú?????ú???°?°???????????±±?????????????·???×???
????
?????? 1999 ??
????
??????E?±?ú???? ???????????????????????????????????¤??????????E?±?ú??????????????????±é?????¨??????????·????????????±??·????°?ó?????±??????×÷?????????????ì?ü???????????????????????°??CNNIC?ú??????????2000?ê1???????ú??????????892?ò?¨?????????§????2250?ò????
?????????????ó±????? 11??5???????¨????????????4???????ò?ó???°????÷??°???ú?·?????×???????ü7?????°?????ú???ì????????°á?????ú??
????????????·???????×????????????? ???????????°????×????±?±???????????°??????·????±???ê?????????¨??OK???????????????á??±??ê??×?????????×?????????????
??????×???????×é ?°???????±?????ú?¨?????????????????????????§????×é???????§????×é???è??×????·???????±?ê×??ì??????×é????
?????????????ú?ú?????????? ?????????°?ì?????°???ê?????????à?????????°??°??é?é?±???·??????3000?ò?±·??????ó??????°??é???????×?·????????????×÷?ú?ú?à?????????ò????
??????1999?ê9??9?? ??????20??????????????±???????×??ü?????á?é??????±?×??ì?¤???????????????????ú?é?????????à?±????·??????????????ì?á?é??
????
??????±??ê???? ??×??????????????§??
????
??????×??????????????×???????·???????÷????????????????????°??????????????°?????????????§?ò?????????ò???°·?×??????????§?ò???????????ù????????????·?×?/?????????á°ò????????·????????á°ò???????????ù????????°ì·¨·?/????°??????????ó?????????????????¨??????°??é?????????????????ó?????????????????????????ù????????°?????
?????á?è·??????????????×???????·???????÷???????????????????????????????????°?ó??????×??????????????ú??????×??ó???????????????????????ì???ü?????ì????×??????????????????ì???ü???????????ù?????????§???????ú????????????????/?????????á°ò?????????ì??·????????????????á°ò???????????ù????????????????????·¨????????/????°????????×?????????????????¨??????°??é???????????????×?????????????????????????ù????????????°?????
??????×???????????????????±??????????????????????×???????·??×÷????1999?ê????±??é??°???????22???????????????ú?é????°????????????°?????????????????????????????ò?????ù?????ú?????????????????????ó?ú???????§×÷????????????????·??????á°×?????????ê?ó??????×÷??·×·×????????????×÷?????????í?ó???·??????±±???????·???é?°??????
????
?????? 2000 ??
????
?????? MP3 MP3???????úCD?ú?????ê?á??????????????·??÷??
???????°°?°??±?????????? ????°?°?????°?°??·??????????????????×÷????????????é???×?ú???×???ó???????×??????????·¨???????????????????????ú?ú?????¤??×????????????ó???????×????????°?°????¨?é?????????????????????????????????¤×÷???????é±?????????????????????×???????±?×??¤?é?ó?°???±???ú?????????????????§?°?°???ù??????????°????????????????????±??
????????????¨?????? 10??6??????????¨?????????é????°???????????¨?????§·¨???·??????????¨?????????·??????????¨????°?×??¨°à???????·?????ú????????°??????????§??°???????°?3?á?é??????60?ò±???????????°???????×?????????
???????í?? ?í???????????°?????¨???í???????????ì???????????????°?????ó????×??????à?ê??????????
????
??????±??ê???? ?ú×??ú???ú·?????
????
???????????ú????·????????ê????????×÷??21???????·???ê?????????ú???ú???ú?ê????????????·è???ù×??????¤?ù??????°????è?????°???ê??????×????????ú?????????????????????????§?????é?????????????????????????????????±???à?????????à??????°????????í????????
???????????????????????????ú???????ò???????°?????¤?ù?±????????????????1??1???è??1??1·??????±???????ò??600???¤?ù???????ú?????????ê?????ò???ú?ù±????ù?à??200??300?ò????3?ê?ó?????ú???????¤?ù???·±????×?ù?°??
????
?????? 2001 ??
????
?????? ?°?????±???ì???? 7???????????ó?????????????ó?????????·?°?????±?????ê?ó?????±???????·????????50?ò????????2003?ê???ü????7000?ò×??á???§??
???????ó?????°????????±±°??×·? ??????1995?ê????????±±?????????×·??·×???FLASH?ó??×???????±é?ó????±±???????????????????í?·???ó×??÷?????????è??
??????????°??????°???????± ??±???????????±??????·??16??35?ê???????ê?á???ó??????????????·??÷???????????ù?????????°??????????????????×?±?·?????????
????????????????±??±×÷?????? ???ú×????????ú28?ê?°??×????????¨?????????ú??????°?·??à??????±ê×??·??3°?·??????????????????????????????í?ì???????°????????±??é?à????±????????ó????±é?????ü???????í??°???
????????×°?í?????ò ????APEC·??á????20???ú???ì???????????à????????????????×??ó?ì????±??????????????ó??×°?????±?????????????é?°?¨????????±¨??????????±é???ò?????ú??×°?????÷????
?????????¨?ù?ê???·?????ì???? ???????ü???í×??ì?????ì?????????????????ì?????????????ê??????????
?????à?ó×???·?±í???? ????1994?ê???????????????ú???í?????±???????ê???????????????????????¨????ר?????????ü??
?????à?÷?????ü??????×???
????
??????±??ê???? ?????????±??????±¨??
????
????2001?ê9??11??·??ú?????ú????????×???±?×????????????????????????????±±¨????????????????·??ó8·???????????±¨??????????12·????ó???ü?????????§???????????????????????????ú???????×?????????????±??(??????????????)·???×???±¨??????±?????×???????±?×??????í3·?????
?????±???ú×??ó???§?????????????????????????±?????à???????ü???°???±?????????°??·??±?????????????????????ó?????úפ??????·ò?ó????±?×???1998?ê????±?×??ò?ü??±¨?????????????????????ì?????????????????????????????????à?????????????ú?????×????
????
?????? 2002 ??
????
?????????ú????°??ê??±? ??????????????????70?ò???????????ú·?????
????
???????????????????????· ??????°?????????????????×÷?·??2001?ê9???×????°?????2002?ê????9????×÷????±?????????·???·?????????ì????°?????????????×?1998?ê9???????ú????????°???????°??ó?????ê???ú??2000?ò?á?????á???í?·?????é?ê????????80???????±???????????????±±¨?·????????????±¨?·?????????????·×????ú???é????°?????????
?????????????±?ú ·??é??·?·ò?????ì????×????????°???????????ú?ì????×????ò?????????á?????????ü??????°????????????????ú?ì????×????ò??????°??????????????°·?????
??????????????·??ì ?°°×?????±×????????°???°°×?ì?±???°?????±???°?????±????????BOBO?????????÷????
?????????? ???ê??×?????????·??????ü??±???×???·?×°???ù????????×?????·??????ì???????????????ú?ó????·?·÷???????ú???????ú???????ú?ó?????????????????ú???????ü??????????POLO??????????
???????????¤?? 1755?ê????????????????????????±í?????¤????±±??????????ר???ê??
?????à???ó?ó?·???? ·???????????±????????á???÷????×÷?????????????????°·í??
?????á?ú???????? ?·?ò?????ó?ü???????è???????ú????????????×??é?????ü??
????
??????±??ê???? ??±??????????????????á
????
?????±??2003?ê9??????±?2002?ê9????°??????????????????í?÷?ó?é?ê?????ú?é????°????ü?????????°???ú????±??????????????±???????????????????????·??
?????????é?ê??·??????????????á?????¨?????ì???????·???????????á????????????×???×????????÷?????????????°?????????±????????????????????????????????×?????????×?±??????????°?ù?????????????í?à?ú??????×?????×?±????????????????°?ü???÷??????????×?????
????
???????ó????
????
??????????????????????·?·??????????????°??×???????????????°???25?ê?????ú???ê·??ú???÷???????????????????????×????????????????????????????????????????????±????ü×?????×??ê??????????25?ê?????????????×·??ú?????ó??±??????????????±??????

?ú?·??????×???????????????????°?